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BLACK HISTORY in Tompkins County

Black Americans have lived in Tompkins County since the late 1700s. The first recorded Black resident of the county was Richard Loomis, who was brought to the region enslaved by Robert McDowell in 1788. In 1820 the Black population of Ithaca numbered only nine people, although more enslaved Black people lived and worked in the rural regions of the county.

Slavery was abolished in New York State in 1827. The free Black population in the City of Ithaca began to grow in the early 1800s as more families and individuals self-liberated from slavery in the Southern states and traveled North on the Underground Railroad, which had multiple stations and checkpoints in Tompkins County. With the addition of passengers from the Underground Railroad, Ithaca's Black population grew to over 200 by 1860, and the Black neighborhoods of Southside and along Wheat Street (now Cleveland Avenue (Zoom in on HistoryForge to see all the Black households along Wheat Street in 1900)) became established in the community. 

Tompkins County has been home to many trailblazing Black Americans, including: Civil Rights leader Dr. Dorothy Cotton, Pulitzer Prize winner Alex Haley, Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison, Ruth Carol Taylorthe first Black flight attendant in the United States, and many more phenomenal leaders of the Black community locally, nationally, and globally. We encourage everyone to engage with and learn about the rich history of Black residents in Tompkins County.

Peter & Phyllis Webb were born enslaved and brought to the Town of Caroline as children. They married in 1819. Peter purchased his freedom in 1818 for $350; Phyllis remained enslaved until New York abolished slavery in 1827.

Peter & Phyllis Webb were born enslaved and brought to the Town of Caroline as children. They married in 1819. Peter purchased his freedom in 1818 for $350; Phyllis remained enslaved until New York abolished slavery in 1827. Their descendants still live in Tompkins County. Learn more: Webb Family History.

Learn more about Black history in Tompkins County from our online resources, in our Exhibit Hall, by exploring our Black History Collection in the archives, and through visiting historic Black spaces in Tompkins County. 

Connect with our archivist to contribute to the archival collections documenting Black history in Tompkins County, the HistoryForge database, and the Black Lives Matter Archival Collection established in June of 2020.

PRESENTATIONS & ONLINE LEARNING RESOURCES

Jacqueline E. Melton Scott (1937-2019) was an activist and educator born and raised in Ithaca, New York. "Mama" Scott was a teacher and family liaison at Beverly J. Martin from 1997-2017. Artwork by Maryam Adib (SmarfArt).  Jacqueline E. Melton Scott (1937-2019) was an activist and educator born and raised in Ithaca, New York. "Mama" Scott was a teacher and family liaison at Beverly J. Martin from 1997-2017. Artwork by Maryam Adib (SmarfArt). 

Self-Guided Tours: Black History in Ithaca, The Southside Loop. **We are in the process of creating digital versions of other Black History walking tours developed in the last two decades by community partners. 

Black Voices in Tompkins County Oral History Collection

  • Millicent Clarke-Maynard (October 2018) - 38:22
  • Kirby Edmonds (October 2018) - 44:34
  • Karen Yearwood (October 2018) - 37:12
  • Candace Edwards (October 2019)
  • Marcia Fort Baum (October 2019) - 48:00
  • James "Jim" Gibbs (August 2015) - 70:00
  • Leslyn McBean Clairborne (October 2019)

**Thanks to a two-year (2021-2022) grant from the Institute of Museum & Library Services, The History Center has been funded to make more of its oral history collections available remotely. Part of this project includes expanding virtual access and lesson plans for our Black Voices in Tompkins County Oral History Collection. Contact community@thehistorycenter.net to learn more. 

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Capturing Your Family's Oral Histories - Smithsonian National Museum African American History & Culture

Black History in Tompkins County Archives & Related Collections

We have over 800 boxed collections in our Archives, if you're interested in exploring these resources we recommend you reach out to archivist at archives@thehistorycenter.net.

DIGITIZED WRITTEN WORKS ON LOCAL BLACK HISTORY from The History Center Archives

Our thanks to the New York State Council on the Arts for supporting

the digitization of these materials through grant funds in 2023.


FILMS & MOVIES CONNECTED TO BLACK HISTORY IN TOMPKINS COUNTY

  • Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated: A Century of Leadership - 2006 - The Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity has worked tirelessly to improve the lot of African-Americans for 100 years. Striving for equality, education, and full participation in American life. Many prominent Black men, including W.E.B. Dubois, Jesse Owens, Duke Ellington, Edward Brooke, Thurgood Marshall, Andrew Young, and Martin Luther King, Jr., were a part of the fraternity and aimed to improved life for Black Americans.
  • Black History in Tompkins County YouTube Playlist - The History Center in Tompkins County
  • Civil Warriors - 2014 - is a feature film about the experiences of two black families from upstate New York -- fathers and sons who enlisted in the United States Colored Troops (USCT) and fought in the American Civil War. Their compelling true story unfolds through a unique interweaving of historical images with the rhythm and energy of spoken word performance. Contemporary narration guides us and provides historical context as the story unfolds.
  • There's Your Ready Girl - 2021 - A short film excerpted from: Move When The Spirit Says Move, The Life and Legacy of Dorothy F. Cotton, a feature length documentary currently in production. Dorothy Cotton was the Education Director at the SCLC 1961-1969 and served on the Executive Team with Dr. Martin Luther King. There she led the Citizenship Education Program, teaching thousands of African American civil rights organizers throughout the south about their constitutional rights, the essentials of voter registration, the philosophy and strategies of nonviolent direct action and the crucial importance of exercising the VOTE.

    SIX PLACES TO EXPERIENCE BLACK HISTORY IN TOMPKINS COUNTY

    Sisters of Change exhibit at The History Center in Tompkins County - January 2020

    Sisters of Change exhibit at The History Center in Tompkins County - January 2020

    St. James AME Zion Church in 1836 - Ithaca, NY. General Photo Collection F1.127 St. James AME Zion Church in 1836 - Ithaca, NY. General Photo Collection F1.127

    Artist interpretation of Lloyd Dorsey, believed to be the first Black man to vote in the Town of Ulysses. Mural located in Trumansburg, NY.

    Artist interpretation of Lloyd Dorsey, believed to be the first Black man to vote in the Town of Ulysses. Mural located in Trumansburg, NY. 

    Mabel Webb Van Dyke was the youngest child of Frederick and Lucinda Barton Webb. She studied voice at the Ithaca Conservatory of Music, and later became a music teacher, mother of two, foster mother of 21, Sunday School Superintendent, quilter, and more. Mabel Webb Van Dyke was the youngest child of Frederick and Lucinda Barton Webb. She studied voice at the Ithaca Conservatory of Music, and later became a music teacher, mother of two, foster mother of 21, Sunday School Superintendent, quilter, and more.

    Visit The History Center in Tompkins County and explore our exhibits and archival collections on Black history and notable Black residents in Tompkins County. Learn more at thehistorycenter.net/archives.

    St. James AME Zion Church - Ithaca, NY - St. James AME Zion, built in 1833, is believed to be the oldest church structure in Ithaca and one of the first AME Zion churches in the country. St. James served as a station on the Underground Railroad, and famous Underground Railroad station masters were closely associated with the church; Harriet Tubman played an active role in AME Zion church affairs in Central and Western New York, and often visited St. James. Frederick Douglass is documented as visiting the church in 1852, and Jermain Loguen, who served as St. James' third minister, was known as the "Underground Railroad King" for his prolific abolitionist efforts, which helped liberate hundreds of formerly enslaved people. Explore the Southside neighborhood around St. James on HistoryForge to see names and stories of the Black community in the early twentieth century.

    Lloyd Dorsey Historical Marker - Trumansburg, NY - Lloyd Dorsey self-liberated from enslavement in Maryland to freedom in Trumansburg in the early 1840s. His wife-to-be, Nancy M. Hemans, was a free Black woman from the Town of Caroline who moved to Trumansburg and was enrolled in the First Baptist Church of Trumansburg in 1839. She and Lloyd were married in 1844. Lloyd worked as a carter hauling goods by horse and wagon in and around Trumansburg for hire, and Nancy worked as a laundress and domestic. Together they had nine children. In 1851 they purchased “an acre of land with appurtenances” for $430 from Erastus and Mary Treman. Lloyd is believed to be the first African American to vote in the Town of Ulysses. At that time, Black males were required to own property valued at a minimum of $250 in order to vote.

    Southside Community Center - Ithaca, NY - Southside House began as the idea of the Frances Harper Women's Club. Inspired by the life of Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911), an abolitionist, activist, poet, and a founder of the National Association of Colored Women, members first held mother-daughter dinners, then moved on to organizing "community mothering activities." In 1930 they became the Serv-Us League, opening membership to males. An interracial fundraising effort raised the money by 1932 to buy a house at 305 South Plain Street. After the Serv-us League deeded the property to the City of Ithaca, ground was broken in 1936 for the Southside Community Center. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt attended the 1937 dedication. Southside Community Center continues to be an active community resource center, fostering appreciation for the contributions and presence of peoples of African descent in the greater Ithaca community and in the larger world community.

    Birthplace of Alex Haley - Ithaca, NY - Alex Haley (1921-1992) is a celebrated author, best known for his 1967 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family, and The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Haley was born in Ithaca on August 11, 1921 at 212 Cascadilla Street. Haley’s father was a graduate student at Cornell University and his mother was taking music studies courses at the Ithaca Conservatory of Music, the institution that later became Ithaca College. In 1993, a year after his death, the Alex Haley Memorial Project raised funds to create a memorial pocket park at the home of his birth on Cascadilla Street. A carved granite marker, and a hand-wrought iron bench with individual iron leaves made by community members with the assistance of local blacksmith Durand Van Doren, were also installed in the park. A New York Historical Marker funded by the Pomeroy Foundation was placed outside his birthplace in August 2020 during a local unveiling ceremony honoring his life and legacy. 

    Dennis-Newton House - Ithaca, NY - The Dennis-Newton House at 421 North Albany Street in Ithaca, NY is historically significant on a national level for its direct connection to the early formation of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, the first Greek letter, African-American collegiate fraternity in the United States. Alpha Phi Alpha was established in 1906 by seven Black Cornell University students. There are over 850 chapters of the fraternity located around the world today. Learn more

    Gravesite for Dr. Dorothy Cotton - Pleasant Grove Cemetery - Dr. Dorothy Lee Forman Cotton (1930-2018) met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1960 when he preached at a church she attended in Virginia. The two began working together with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which organized peaceful protests and worked for the rights of Black Americans during the Civil Rights era. Cotton held a leading role in the group as the educational director of the Citizen Education Program ― one of the few high-level positions for women in the SCLC at the time. Dorothy remained an active civil rights educator throughout her career, and served as the Director of Student Activities at Cornell University from the 1980s–1990s. She lived in Ithaca until her death in 2018, and is buried in the Pleasant Grove Cemetery in Ithaca, NY. 

    EXPLORE ITHACA'S BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS ON HISTORYFORGE

    HistoryForge is an innovative digital history project combining maps, archival records, and census data that allows any community to explore its local history through the individuals who lived there and the buildings and neighborhoods they lived in.  

    Our pilot project began in 2016 and focuses on exploring the history of Ithaca, New York in the late 19th and early 20th century using interactive search functions which allow users to find information on historic maps about people and places.

    Ithaca HistoryForge includes over 70,000 digitized census records of Ithacan's from 1880-1940, and is in the process of adding tens of thousands of building records to the database. 

    By searching the database using the "Race" filter on different census years you can see where Black neighborhoods existed in the City of Ithaca. 

    Each red dot references a self-identified Black individual or family living in the building in the 1930 census. The area shown is the Southside Neighborhood. You can see the names, ages, professions and more of each individual by exploring their census records.

    Each red dot references a self-identified Black individual or family living in the building in the 1930 census. The area shown is the Southside Neighborhood. You can see the names, ages, professions and more of each individual by exploring their census records

    Follow us for posts highlighting Black history, culture, and heritage in Tompkins County. 

        @TompkinsHistory

    Text that says "Did you know... In 1953 Beverly J. Martin became the first Black senior class president at Ithaca High School. She later became the first Black school administrator in Ithaca.

    Text that says "Did you know... One of Ithaca's best known baseball teams, Colored Vets, was founded by Black Army and Navy veterans returning from service in WWIII. When three white players joined the team in the late '40s, the team renamed themselves The Zebras."

    Test that says "Did you know... The first Greek letter, Black collegiate fraternity in the United States was formed in the United States was formed in Ithaca in 1906. There are more than 850 Alpha Phi Alpha chapters around the world today."

    Text that says "Did you know... In 1958 Ruth Carol Taylor, a Trumansburg High School graduate, became the first Black flight attendant in the United States."

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    Ithaca NY, 14850 USA

    Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫˀ Territory

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